WebSocket编程 – 聊天室
[toc]
提示
在这里我们将会实现一个简易版的 Go聊天室 。
- 上线、下线
- 聊天，其他人和自己都可以看到聊天信息
- 查询当前聊天室用户名字
- 可以修改自己名字
- 超时踢出
知识点：
- socket tcp 编程
- map 结构
- Go协程
- select（超时退出，主动退出）
webSocket是什么
WebSocket是一种在单个TCP连接上进行全双工通信的协议WebSocket使得客户端和服务器之间的数据交换变得更加简单，允许服务端主动向客户端推送数据- 在
WebSocket API中，浏览器和服务器只需要完成一次握手，两者之间就直接可以创建持久性的连接，并进行双向数据传输 - 需要安装第三方包：
- cmd中 ：
go get -u -v github.com/gorilla/websocket
- cmd中 ：
举个聊天室的小例子
在同一级目录下新建四个go文件connection.go|data.go|hub.go|server.go
运行：
go run server.go hub.go data.go connection.go
运行之后执行 local.html 文件
准备
开启 mod 项目：
go mod init socket-web
基础代码：
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net"
)
var n int //统计监听次数
func main() {
//创建一个监听器
listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":8080")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("监听失败")
return
}
defer listener.Close()
fmt.Println("监听成功...")
//循环等待客户端连接
for {
//监听次数
fmt.Println("监听次数：", n)
n++
fmt.Println("主Go程监听中...")
//监听客户端连接
conn, err := listener.Accept() //Accept()会阻塞，直到有客户端连接
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("接收客户端连接失败")
return
}
defer conn.Close()
fmt.Println("接收客户端连接成功")
//启动协程，处理客户端请求
go process(conn)
}
}
// Path: main.go
func process(conn net.Conn) {
//关闭连接
defer conn.Close()
fmt.Println("启动业务~")
//读取客户端发送的数据
buf := make([]byte, 1024)
cnt, err := conn.Read(buf) //Read()会阻塞，直到有数据发送过来
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("读取客户端数据失败")
return
}
fmt.Println("服务器读取客户端数据成功")
fmt.Println(string(buf[:cnt]))
}
🚀 编译结果如下：
监听次数： 4
主Go程监听中...
启动业务~
读取客户端数据失败
服务器读取客户端数据成功
GET / HTTP/1.1
name: xiongxinwei
name2: yangming
User-Agent: PostmanRuntime/7.29.2
Accept: */*
Postman-Token: 2319563a-e690-406c-bafc-243fc3f32e39
Host: localhost:8080
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=--------------------------322490159781697749709458
Content-Length: 174
----------------------------322490159781697749709458
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="asdfasf"
asfdasgasfag
----------------------------322490159781697749709458--
Post请求
监听次数： 5
主Go程监听中...
启动业务~
接收客户端连接成功
监听次数： 6
主Go程监听中...
启动业务~
读取客户端数据失败
服务器读取客户端数据成功
POST / HTTP/1.1
name: xiongxinwei
name2: yangming
User-Agent: PostmanRuntime/7.29.2
Accept: */*
Postman-Token: 6ba389f2-e4b6-4bcc-8b8a-cb4f536f3115
Host: localhost:8080
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=--------------------------749419380768530406044982
Content-Length: 174
----------------------------749419380768530406044982
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="asdfasf"
asfdasgasfag
----------------------------749419380768530406044982--
功能补充
提示
我们程序有多个用户，需要一个 User 结构，包含 msg 管道
需要有一个进行全局广播的管道：message
需要有一个全局的 map， 存储所有的 user
server.go文件代码
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
"github.com/gorilla/mux"
)
func main() {
router := mux.NewRouter()
go h.run()
router.HandleFunc("/ws", myws)
if err := http.ListenAndServe("127.0.0.1:8080", router); err != nil {
fmt.Println("err:", err)
}
}
hub.go文件代码
package main
import "encoding/json"
var h = hub{
c: make(map[*connection]bool),
u: make(chan *connection),
b: make(chan []byte),
r: make(chan *connection),
}
type hub struct {
c map[*connection]bool
b chan []byte
r chan *connection
u chan *connection
}
func (h *hub) run() {
for {
select {
case c := <-h.r:
h.c[c] = true
c.data.Ip = c.ws.RemoteAddr().String()
c.data.Type = "handshake"
c.data.UserList = user_list
data_b, _ := json.Marshal(c.data)
c.sc <- data_b
case c := <-h.u:
if _, ok := h.c[c]; ok {
delete(h.c, c)
close(c.sc)
}
case data := <-h.b:
for c := range h.c {
select {
case c.sc <- data:
default:
delete(h.c, c)
close(c.sc)
}
}
}
}
}
data.go文件代码
package main
type Data struct {
Ip string `json:"ip"`
User string `json:"user"`
From string `json:"from"`
Type string `json:"type"`
Content string `json:"content"`
UserList []string `json:"user_list"`
}
connection.go文件代码
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"net/http"
"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
)
type connection struct {
ws *websocket.Conn
sc chan []byte
data *Data
}
var wu = &websocket.Upgrader{ReadBufferSize: 512,
WriteBufferSize: 512, CheckOrigin: func(r *http.Request) bool { return true }}
func myws(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
ws, err := wu.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
if err != nil {
return
}
c := &connection{sc: make(chan []byte, 256), ws: ws, data: &Data{}}
h.r <- c
go c.writer()
c.reader()
defer func() {
c.data.Type = "logout"
user_list = del(user_list, c.data.User)
c.data.UserList = user_list
c.data.Content = c.data.User
data_b, _ := json.Marshal(c.data)
h.b <- data_b
h.r <- c
}()
}
func (c *connection) writer() {
for message := range c.sc {
c.ws.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, message)
}
c.ws.Close()
}
var user_list = []string{}
func (c *connection) reader() {
for {
_, message, err := c.ws.ReadMessage()
if err != nil {
h.r <- c
break
}
json.Unmarshal(message, &c.data)
switch c.data.Type {
case "login":
c.data.User = c.data.Content
c.data.From = c.data.User
user_list = append(user_list, c.data.User)
c.data.UserList = user_list
data_b, _ := json.Marshal(c.data)
h.b <- data_b
case "user":
c.data.Type = "user"
data_b, _ := json.Marshal(c.data)
h.b <- data_b
case "logout":
c.data.Type = "logout"
user_list = del(user_list, c.data.User)
data_b, _ := json.Marshal(c.data)
h.b <- data_b
h.r <- c
default:
fmt.Print("========default================")
}
}
}
func del(slice []string, user string) []string {
count := len(slice)
if count == 0 {
return slice
}
if count == 1 && slice[0] == user {
return []string{}
}
var n_slice = []string{}
for i := range slice {
if slice[i] == user && i == count {
return slice[:count]
} else if slice[i] == user {
n_slice = append(slice[:i], slice[i+1:]...)
break
}
}
fmt.Println(n_slice)
return n_slice
}
local.html文件代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<style>
p {
text-align: left;
padding-left: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div style="width: 800px;height: 600px;margin: 30px auto;text-align: center">
<h1>www.5lmh.comy演示聊天室</h1>
<div style="width: 800px;border: 1px solid gray;height: 300px;">
<div style="width: 200px;height: 300px;float: left;text-align: left;">
<p><span>当前在线:</span><span id="user_num">0</span></p>
<div id="user_list" style="overflow: auto;">
</div>
</div>
<div id="msg_list" style="width: 598px;border: 1px solid gray; height: 300px;overflow: scroll;float: left;">
</div>
</div>
<br>
<textarea id="msg_box" rows="6" cols="50" onkeydown="confirm(event)"></textarea><br>
<input type="button" value="发送" onclick="send()">
</div>
</body>
</html>
<script type="text/javascript">
var uname = prompt('请输入用户名', 'user' + uuid(8, 16));
var ws = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8080/ws");
ws.onopen = function () {
var data = "系统消息：建立连接成功";
listMsg(data);
};
ws.onmessage = function (e) {
var msg = JSON.parse(e.data);
var sender, user_name, name_list, change_type;
switch (msg.type) {
case 'system':
sender = '系统消息: ';
break;
case 'user':
sender = msg.from + ': ';
break;
case 'handshake':
var user_info = {'type': 'login', 'content': uname};
sendMsg(user_info);
return;
case 'login':
case 'logout':
user_name = msg.content;
name_list = msg.user_list;
change_type = msg.type;
dealUser(user_name, change_type, name_list);
return;
}
var data = sender + msg.content;
listMsg(data);
};
ws.onerror = function () {
var data = "系统消息 : 出错了,请退出重试.";
listMsg(data);
};
function confirm(event) {
var key_num = event.keyCode;
if (13 == key_num) {
send();
} else {
return false;
}
}
function send() {
var msg_box = document.getElementById("msg_box");
var content = msg_box.value;
var reg = new RegExp("\r\n", "g");
content = content.replace(reg, "");
var msg = {'content': content.trim(), 'type': 'user'};
sendMsg(msg);
msg_box.value = '';
}
function listMsg(data) {
var msg_list = document.getElementById("msg_list");
var msg = document.createElement("p");
msg.innerHTML = data;
msg_list.appendChild(msg);
msg_list.scrollTop = msg_list.scrollHeight;
}
function dealUser(user_name, type, name_list) {
var user_list = document.getElementById("user_list");
var user_num = document.getElementById("user_num");
while(user_list.hasChildNodes()) {
user_list.removeChild(user_list.firstChild);
}
for (var index in name_list) {
var user = document.createElement("p");
user.innerHTML = name_list[index];
user_list.appendChild(user);
}
user_num.innerHTML = name_list.length;
user_list.scrollTop = user_list.scrollHeight;
var change = type == 'login' ? '上线' : '下线';
var data = '系统消息: ' + user_name + ' 已' + change;
listMsg(data);
}
function sendMsg(msg) {
var data = JSON.stringify(msg);
ws.send(data);
}
function uuid(len, radix) {
var chars = '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'.split('');
var uuid = [], i;
radix = radix || chars.length;
if (len) {
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) uuid[i] = chars[0 | Math.random() * radix];
} else {
var r;
uuid[8] = uuid[13] = uuid[18] = uuid[23] = '-';
uuid[14] = '4';
for (i = 0; i < 36; i++) {
if (!uuid[i]) {
r = 0 | Math.random() * 16;
uuid[i] = chars[(i == 19) ? (r & 0x3) | 0x8 : r];
}
}
}
return uuid.join('');
}
</script>
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